TEACCH Tip#5 Social Narratives and Explaining Changes
Changes in routines can be challenging for anyone, but they can be especially difficult for individuals with autism who often rely on predictability and structure. Whether it is a school break, holiday, family gathering, vacation, or special event, uncertainty about what will happen can increase stress and anxiety.
Social narratives are a helpful visual tool for preparing individuals for changes. These short stories use words, pictures, objects, or a combination of supports to explain what will happen, what to expect, and how to respond. By providing clear and positive information, social narratives can help individuals feel more prepared and confident when routines change.
When school is out, my family is doing more fun things outside this week to keep us busy. This means that I will have “outside time” on my schedule.
Sometimes, I will have to stop doing something I really like, like watching Daniel Tiger, before we go outside. This might be hard. I might feel frustrated or angry. If I feel frustrated, I can squeeze a squeeze ball or take deep breaths. I can ask mom “when can I watch Daniel Tiger again?” She will show me on my schedule.
When I go outside, I can ride my bike, walk the dog, or go for a walk. When I come back inside, I will check my schedule to see what I am doing next. I can have fun playing outside with my family!
What Makes an Effective Social Narrative?
- Explain what is changing and why.
- Describe what the individual can expect during the change.
- Include information about who will be involved, where activities will take place, and how long the change may last.
- Offer coping strategies for managing difficult feelings.
- Focus on what the individual can do rather than what they should not do.
- Match the format to the individual’s level of understanding using words, pictures, objects, or a combination of supports.
Helpful Hints
- Review the social narrative several times before the change occurs and revisit it as needed for reassurance.
- Use positive, supportive language that helps the individual understand what to expect.
- Incorporate favorite characters, topics, or interests to make the narrative more engaging and meaningful.
- Clearly explain when preferred activities will be available again to reduce anxiety around transitions.
- Remember that many ready-made social narratives are available online and can be adapted to fit individual needs.